Week 4 – Networking

 

1. There are 4 bytes in an IPv4 address. What is the highest possible decimal value for one byte?

Answers

·        256

·        512

·        128

·        255

Explanation: In an IPv4 address, each byte is represented by 8 bits, and the highest possible decimal value for one byte is 255. In binary, the representation of 255 is '11111111'. This is due to the fact that each bit that makes up the byte may either have the value 1 or 0, and when all of the bits are set to 1, the byte's value is converted to the decimal number 255. Because of this, the largest decimal value that may be assigned to a single byte of an IPv4 address is 255.

2. Which of the following protocols is the primary infrastructure that creates the Internet?

Answers

·        TCP/IP

·        DNS

·        HTML

·        NAT

Explanation: The Internet Protocol, sometimes known as IP, is the foundational technology that underpins the Internet's fundamental infrastructure. The Internet Protocol is a basic protocol in the suite of protocols that make up the Internet. It offers the addressing and routing methods that are required for data to be transported between devices on a worldwide scale. The Internet Protocol is one of the protocols that makes up the Internet.

Other essential protocols within the Internet Protocol suite include things like Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and a few more. Together, these protocols allow for the formation of a massive, linked network that is known as the Internet. They also make communication and the exchange of data possible.

3. What is the limitation of the IPv4 protocol?

Answers

·        Does not have any limitations.

·        It’s a slow protocol.

·        It’s obsolete.

·        Its maximum number of IP addresses has been reached.

Explanation: The limited availability of address space is the primary disadvantage of the IPv4 protocol. IPv4 has a 32-bit addressing format, which makes it possible to have around 4.3 billion different addresses. In the early days of the internet, this could have appeared like a very large number; but, as the number of connected devices has skyrocketed, the number of accessible IPv4 addresses has been depleted. As a result, the internet is running out of addresses.

Because there are not enough IPv4 addresses to go around, Network Address Translation (NAT) and other methods for preserving and recycling IPv4 addresses have been developed in response to this problem. However, these are just short-term fixes, and the transition to IPv6 (the next version of the Internet Protocol) is the long-term fix that is being explored to overcome the limitations of IPv4. IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long, which results in an extraordinarily vast address space. This, in turn, makes it possible to have an almost uncountable number of distinct IP addresses.

4. What invention allows people to share more information than just text on the internet?

Answers

·        TCP/IP

·        IPv4

·        NAT

·        The World Wide Web

Explanation: The World Wide Web (WWW) is the innovation that made it possible for users of the internet to exchange more information than simply text with one another. While the internet itself provides the infrastructure that permits worldwide communication, Sir Tim Berners-Lee's invention of the World Wide Web is credited with pioneering the idea of hyperlinked documents and multimedia material.

Users are able to access and exchange information in a variety of forms on the World Wide Web. These formats include text, photos, audio, video, and material that may be interacted with. This feature completely altered the way people connect with one another, work together, and get access to information on the internet. As a result, the web has evolved into a platform that offers a diverse array of multimedia experiences. Key technologies such as HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) are integral to the functioning of the World Wide Web.

5. How have the IPv4 limitations been solved? (select all that apply)

Answers

·        By using Network Address Translation

·        By implementing the IPv6 protocol

·        By creating more IPv4 address

·        By using DNS

 

6. True or false: You can create a network with two computers.

Answers

·        True

·        False

Explanation: True. It is possible to set up a network using just two computers; this kind of network is sometimes referred to as a "point-to-point" network. The two computers that make up a point-to-point network are directly linked to one another, which results in a network setup that is straightforward and fundamental. A network of this kind may be set up via a variety of connecting techniques, including a wireless link, an Ethernet cable, or a serial cable, among other options.

A network consisting of only two computers may serve certain goals such as file sharing, collaborative work, or resource sharing amongst the linked devices. While bigger networks may entail more complicated topologies with various devices and components, a network consisting of just two computers can nonetheless fulfill these functions.

7. Which of these addresses identify a computer on the network?

Answers

·        WWW and IP addresses

·        ISPs and IP addresses

·        AC address and IP address

·        MAC address and IP address

 

8. What is a networking stack?

Answers

·        Radios and antennas that connect to wireless networks.

·        A set of hardware or software that provides networking infrastructure for a computer.

·        A tool that connects lots of different devices together and helps route network traffic.

·        Cables containing glass fibers that move data through light.

Explanation: A networking stack, also known as a protocol stack or network stack, is a collection of protocols or layers that operate in concert with one another to make it possible for devices connected to a network to communicate with one another and share data. Each layer in the stack is responsible for a particular set of tasks and communicates with the layers that surround it in order to expedite the flow of information.

 

9. Which protocol is responsible for delivering packets to the right computers?

Answers

·        FTP

·        HTTP

·        TCP

·        IP

Explanation: The Internet Protocol, sometimes known as IP, is the protocol that is in charge of sending data packets to the appropriate machines on a network. The Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol that operates on the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model and is an essential part of the TCP/IP protocol suite.

IP enables devices to be identified on a network via the use of logical addressing (IP addresses), and it also guarantees that data packets are sent to the appropriate location. It is in charge of routing and forwarding packets between various networks, making it possible for users of linked networks to communicate with one another.

Internet Protocol version 4, often known as IPv4, and Internet Protocol version 6, also known as IPv6, are the two versions of IP that are currently in use. In a networked context, the important functions of addressing and routing packets are carried out by both versions. This ensures that data is delivered in the correct format.

 

10. What type of address do computers use to find something on a network?

Answers

·        IP address

·        MAC address

·        ISP address

·        URL address

Explanation: IP addresses, which stand for Internet Protocol addresses, are what allow computers to locate and interact with other devices that are connected to a network. IP addresses are one-of-a-kind identities that are given to any device that is connected to a network. This makes it possible for the devices to find and interact with one another.

 

11. You want to register the domain name ABCcompany.org, but the registration service is not allowing you to do that. What's the most likely reason for this?

Answers

·        You are not the legal owner of ABC Company.

·        This domain name is already registered to someone else.

·        Domain names must end in “.com”.

·        Domain names must be all in lowercase.

Explanation: If you are unable to register the domain name ABCcompany.org, the most probable explanation is because the domain name is already in use by another organization or has been reserved for use by that organization. In order to minimize confusion on the internet, domain names need to be unique, and once a domain has been registered by one party, it is no longer accessible for registration by any other parties.

If the domain name ABCcompany.org is taken, you will either need to come up with an alternative domain name or investigate if the present owner is prepared to sell the domain or transfer it to a new owner. Additionally, you can use domain registration services to check the availability of different domain variations or extensions (.com, .net, .biz, etc.) that may suit your needs.

 

12. What was the name of the earliest version of the Internet?

Answers

·        World Wide Web

·        TCP/IP Network

·        ARPANET

·        NAT

Explanation: The acronym ARPANET stands for the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, which was the first name given to the Internet. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense was responsible for the development of the first network to incorporate the concepts of packet switching. This network was known as ARPANET. The network went live in 1969 and is credited with laying the foundation for the current-day internet.

ARPANET was conceived as a system that would make it easier for government agencies and research institutes to communicate with one another and share resources. It was vital in the creation of the Internet Protocol (IP) and the transfer to the TCP/IP protocol suite, which is the foundation of the modern internet. This was accomplished by playing an important part in both of these processes.

 

13. You need to update your router settings, so you log into the administration panel, whose Internet Protocol (IP) address is 192.168.0.1. Which IP version is this?

Answers

·        IPv6

·        IPv1

·        IPv2

·        IPv4

Explanation: An example of an IPv4 address, also known as an Internet Protocol version 4 address, is the 192.168.0.1 IP address. IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numerical labels assigned to devices on a network, and they are commonly used in home and small business networking environments.

IPv4 addresses are expressed as four sets of decimal numbers separated by periods (e.g., 192.168.0.1). On the other hand, since IPv4 has a finite number of addressable locations, newer versions of the protocol, such as IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), have been created to handle the expanding number of devices that are connected to the internet.

 

14. Which problem does IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) help to solve?

Answers

·        Internet Protocol versions prior to version 6 haven’t achieved widespread use.

·        There are less than 4.3 billion IPv4 addresses, which has already been exceeded with existing websites.

·        IPv5 is an outdated protocol version with insufficient security safeguards.

·        Companies waste hundreds of public IP addresses. With IPv6, they can use just one IP address.

Explanation: IPv6, also known as Internet Protocol version 6, is a step toward resolving the issue of IPv4 address depletion. The restricted address space offered by IPv4, which employs 32-bit addresses and allows for around 4.3 billion distinct addresses, was the primary impetus for the creation of IPv6, which was developed in response to this limitation.

IPv6 eliminates the need for this constraint by using a 128-bit address format, which results in an enormously expanded address space. With IPv6, the number of distinct addresses is almost endless, which makes it possible for the internet to continue its rapid expansion and accommodate an ever-increasing number of connected devices.

IPv6 includes enhancements in areas such as address configuration, network auto-configuration, and increased security features, in addition to resolving the problem of address depletion, which was the primary motivation for its development. Adopting IPv6 is essential to guaranteeing the longevity of the internet as well as its capacity to scale to accommodate ever-increasing numbers of connected devices.

 

15. Which concept deals with connecting devices like smart refrigerators and smart thermostats to the internet?

Answers

·        HTTP

·        IPv6

·        IoT

·        NAT

Explanation: The term "Internet of Things" (IoT) refers to the notion that deals with connecting items such as smart refrigerators and smart thermostats to the internet. Examples of such products are smart refrigerators and smart thermostats. IoT is a network of interconnected physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies, allowing them to collect and exchange data over the internet.

In the context of internet-connected smart home appliances such as refrigerators and thermostats, the IoT makes it possible for these devices to speak with one another, exchange data, and be remotely controlled or monitored over the internet. This connectivity extends the functionalities and capabilities of the devices in question, enabling users to access and administer the devices from any location provided they have an internet connection.

Shuffle Q/A 1

 

16. How many computers do you need to build a network?

Answers

·        20

·        1

·        100

·        2

Explanation: It is possible to construct a network using just two computers; this kind of network is often referred to as a "point-to-point" network. The two computers that make up a point-to-point network are directly linked to one another, which results in a network setup that is straightforward and fundamental.

Even while bigger networks may incorporate more computers and other components, a network consisting of just two computers may nevertheless serve certain goals, such as the exchange of files, collaborative work, or resource sharing amongst the linked devices. Networking technologies allow for various types of network configurations, and the size and complexity of a network can vary based on the intended use and requirements.

17. You are having trouble connecting to the Internet, so you call your Service Provider for help. They need to know the permanent unique identifier address of your specific device so they can help troubleshoot it. What address are they asking for?

Answers

·        IP address

·        MAC address

·        URL address

·        ISP address

Explanation: The Service Provider is probably requesting the Media Access Control address, often known as the MAC address, of the particular device in question. Your device's network interface card (NIC) has a unique identification known as the media access control address, or MAC address. It is a hardware address associated with the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.

The MAC address is used for communication on the local network and is usually permanent and globally unique to each network interface. Providing the MAC address can help the Service Provider identify and troubleshoot issues related to your specific device's connection on their network.

 

18. What does a router do in Networking? Choose all that apply.

Answers

·        A router can only send data to a computer on the same network.

·        A router utilizes network protocols to help determine where to send data packets.

·        A router sends ones and zeros through a beam of light.

·        A router connects devices together and helps direct network traffic.

 

19. Which protocol handles delivery of information from one network to another?

Answers

·        HTTP

·        IP

·        TCP

·        FTP

Explanation: The Internet Protocol (IP) is the name of the protocol that is responsible for managing the transmission of information from one network to another. TCP/IP is the most used protocol suite for online communication, and Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol that operates at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. IP is also an essential part of the TCP/IP protocol suite.

IP is the Internet Protocol, and it enables the movement of data packets across various networks by providing logical addressing and routing procedures. It is responsible for assigning addresses to data packets, establishing the most efficient route for the transmission of those packets, and guaranteeing that the packets reach the destination that was intended for them across linked networks.

 

20. Which one of these translates human readable words to IP addresses for the computer?

Answers

·        ICANN

·        URL

·        DNS

·        TCP/IP

Explanation: The Domain Name System (DNS) is the component that is responsible for providing the computer with a translation from language understandable by humans to IP addresses. The Domain Name System (DNS) is a decentralized system that is used to convert domain names that are simple to remember, such as www.example.com, into the IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on a network.

When you input a domain name into a web browser, a DNS server is contacted to determine the IP address that corresponds to that domain name. This process is called domain name resolution. Users are able to engage with websites and other services provided by the internet via the use of clearly identifiable domain names rather than numeric IP addresses thanks to this technique.

 

21. You're browsing the Web, and type in www.google.com in the address line. Instead of the website, an error screen appears. You type in 216.58.214.4, and the Google website comes up. What's the most likely reason for this?

Answers

·        Address line is for the IP address only, not the domain name.

·        There’s a problem with your Internet connection.

·        Web addresses must be entered in lowercase.

·        There’s a problem in your network’s DNS configuration.

Explanation: There might be a problem with the resolution of the domain name using the Domain Name System (DNS), which is the most probable explanation for this circumstance. When you input www.google.com into the address bar on your browser, your computer will most likely make a query to a DNS server. This will cause the DNS server to convert the human-readable domain name (www.google.com) into the matching IP address (such as 216.58.214.4).

In the event that there is a problem with the DNS resolution process, it is possible that your computer will not be able to convert the domain name to the appropriate IP address, which may cause an error screen to appear. If, on the other hand, you enter the website's direct IP address (216.58.214.4) into the address line, you are able to circumvent the DNS resolution procedure and successfully load the page.

 

22. Which of these can resolve IPv4 address shortages? Choose all that apply.

Answers

·        Autonomous Systems

·        Network Address Translation

·        Border Gateway Protocol

·        Using IPv6 addresses

 

23. How many bits are in an IPv6 address?

Answers

·        128

·        256

·        64

·        32

Explanation: There are 128 individual bits that make up an IPv6 address. This is a significant increase compared to the 32-bit length of IPv4 addresses. The increased address length of IPv6 provides for an exponentially higher number of unique addresses, giving a solution to the difficulties of address depletion presented by IPv4, which was the previous version of Internet Protocol. The 128-bit IPv6 address is commonly written as eight groups of hexadecimal numbers, with each group being separated by a colon.

 

24. IT networking involves which of these? Choose all that apply.

Answers

·        Joining professional networks

·        Designing networks

·        Building networks

·        Managing networks

 

25. True or false: An IP address is a unique identifier for a computer on a network.

Answers

·        True

·        False

 

26. What does TCP/IP stand for?

Answers

·        Transmit Control Protocol and the Intelligence Protocol

·        Transmission Control Protocol and the Interconnection Protocol

·        Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol

·        Transit Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol

 

27. Which of these are networking devices? Choose all that apply.

Answers

·        Routers

·        Switches

·        TCP

·        Hubs

 

Shuffle Q/A 2

 

28. What is www.google.com an example of?

Answers

·        ISP

·        HTTP

·        URL

·        ICANN

Explanation: www.google.com is an example of a domain name. A domain name is a human-readable address used to identify specific resources on the internet, such as websites. In the case of www.google.com, "google.com" is the domain name. Domain names are part of the Domain Name System (DNS), which translates human-readable domain names into numerical IP addresses that computers use to locate each other on the internet. In this example, www.google.com is associated with an IP address, allowing web browsers to connect to the Google website when the domain name is entered.

29. Concerning IP address shortages, what is the most important difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

Answers

·        IPv6 addresses are more secure.

·        There are many, many more potential IPv6 addresses than IPv4 addresses.

·        IPv6 addresses are simpler and therefore easier to remember than IPv4 addresses.

·        It will be less expensive for a company to have multiple IPv6 addresses as compared to IPv4 addresses.

30. You are having trouble connecting to the Internet, so you call your Service Provider for help. They need to know the permanent unique identifier address of your specific device so they can help troubleshoot it. What address are they asking for?

Answers

·        MAC address

·        ISP address

·        URL address

·        IP address

Explanation: The Service Provider is probably requesting the Media Access Control address, often known as the MAC address, of the particular device in question. The Media Access Control address, often known as the MAC address, is a one-of-a-kind identification that is given to the network interface card (NIC) of your device. This address is connected to the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.

The Media Access Control (MAC) address is an identification that is based on the hardware, and it is normally permanent as well as globally unique for each network interface. If you provide the Service Provider your MAC address, they will be better able to detect and fix any problems that arise with the connection that your particular device makes to their network.

31. True or false: The “Internet of Things” is a new internet that human users cannot use.

Answers

·        True

·        False

Explanation: Not true. The "Internet of Things" (IoT) is not a new internet that human users cannot use. Instead, it refers to the linked network of physical devices, automobiles, appliances, and other items that are integrated with sensors, software, and network connection. Examples include the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Internet of Things (IoT). Through the use of the internet, these devices are able to connect with one another and share data with one another.

The phrase "Internet of Things" highlights the concept that these gadgets are not only passive consumers of information but rather actively gather, transmit, and react to data. This notion is emphasized by the name of the concept. IoT devices may interact with human users and be controlled by them. The data acquired by these devices can be used for a variety of purposes, including the automation, monitoring, and optimization of numerous processes.

32. What are some examples of IoT (Internet of Things)? Choose all that apply.

Answers

·        Refrigerators that keep track of the food and notify you when to buy more

·        Teachers who post assignments for their students on the school website

·        An online car dealership that can provide complete car history using the vehicle identification number

·        Thermostats that turn off the air conditioning when you leave the room