Troubleshooting and the Future of Networking

1. A Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC) is an example of what type of built-in protocol mechanism?

Answers

·        Error detection

·        Error recovery

·        Misconfiguration error

·        Time To Live (TTL) expiration

Explanation: Cyclical Redundancy Checks, often known as CRCs, are a specific kind of error-checking technique that are frequently used in communication systems to identify erroneous modifications made to raw data. It is a technique for error detection that is integrated into the protocol.

2. What does ICMP stand for?

Answers

·        Internet Control Mail Protocol

·        Internet Control Message Protocol

·        Internet Client Message Protocol

·        Interactive Control Message Protocol

Explanation: The abbreviation for "Internet Control Message Protocol" is "ICMP." It is a network layer protocol that is part of the Internet Protocol (IP) suite, and it is used for the transmission of error messages as well as operational information on the status of the network.

3. The Linux and macOS program traceroute is known by a slightly different name on Windows. It's referred to as ______.

Answers

·        Ping

·        ipconfig

·        tracert

·        Tracepath

Explanation: On Windows, the tool that is functionally comparable to traceroute is referred to as "tracert." It accomplishes the same goal of tracking the path that data packets travel on a network in order to get to their final destination.

4. You run the Test-NetConnection command on a Windows PC while only providing a host name. As a result, what default action does the command use?

Answers

·        IMCP eEcho request

·        Network address translation

·        Name server lookup

·        Private tunnel

Explanation: When you use the Test-NetConnection command on Windows and specify merely a host name, the operating system will automatically carry out a fundamental TCP connection test to the provided host on port 80. This is the default behavior. This is the same as determining whether or not it is possible to create a connection to a web server using the standard HTTP port.

5. You need to find the Internet Protocol (IP) address for a website. Which command do you use on a Windows system?

Answers

·        Netcat

·        Ping

·        Pathping

·        Nslookup

Explanation: Simply change "example.com" to the actual domain name of the website whose IP address you are trying to locate. The IP address of the selected domain will be shown to you when you execute this command and give the domain's name.

6. One of Google's public DNS servers is 8.8.8.8. The other one is ______.

Answers

·        1.2.1.1

·        255.255.255.255

·        8.8.4.4

·        0.0.0.0

Explanation: 8.8.4.4 is the other public DNS server that Google offers. The resolution of domain names to IP addresses is a typical usage for the DNS servers that Google maintains as part of their public DNS service. Google is responsible for the maintenance of these DNS servers.

 

7. What is the name of the provision of services based around hardware virtualization?

Answers

·        Domain Name System (DNS) service model

·        Cloud computing

·        Network Address Translation (NAT)

·        Subnetting

Explanation: The delivery of services centered on a certain piece of hardware Many people also refer to virtualization as "cloud services" or simply "virtualization services." Through the use of virtualization, many virtual machines are able to operate on a single physical computer. This enables a more effective use of the machine's hardware resources and provides flexibility in the management and deployment of services.

8. What is The IPv6 loopback address?

Answers

·        127.0.0.1

·        0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000

·        1000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000

·        0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001

Explanation: In IPv6, the "::1" notation is used to denote the loopback address. It is analogous to the loopback address 127.0.0.1 in the IPv4 protocol. Communication to the IPv6 loopback address is often looped back internally inside the network stack without affecting the actual network. This address is used to test network connection on the local workstation, and the test is performed using the IPv6 loopback address.

9. Compress the following IP address: 9930:cafa:0000:0052:04cc:7b7a:0037:27e6.

Answers

·        9930:cafa:0:52:4cc:7b7a:37:27e6

·        No changes, the address is already compressed.

·        9930:cafa:0:052:4cc:7b7a:037:27e6

·        930:cafa:00:052:04cc:7b7a:037:27e6

10. Which Internet Protocol (IP) v6 field is identical in purpose to the TTL field in an IPv4 header?

Answers

·        Traffic class

·        Flow label

·        Hop Limit

·        Next header

Explanation: Hop Limit" is the field in IPv6 that serves the same function as the Time-to-Live (TTL) field in an IPv4 header; however, IPv6 refers to this field by a different name. The Hop Limit field allows the maximum number of routers that a packet is permitted to go through before it is considered to have failed its journey and been rejected. It performs a function similar to that of the TTL field in IPv4, namely assisting to stop packets from being sent back and forth across the network indefinitely.

Shuffle Q/A 1

11. The first field of an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packet specifies the message type. Which choices represent message type examples? (Choose all that apply)

Answers

·        Destination unreachable

·        Time exceeded

·        Destination port unreachable

·        Destination network unreachable

 

12. Which two tools function similar to traceroute? (Choose all that apply)

Answers

·        Nslookup

·        netcat

·        Mtr

·        Pathping

Explanation: The traceroute command for Windows may be executed using the tracert command. It is used to determine the path that data packets travel on a network to get to their intended destination. The network diagnostic tool known as MTR is a combination of the functions of the tools known as traceroute and ping. It continuously transmits packets, which update the display in real-time and provide a dynamic image of the path that must be taken to get to the destination.

 

13. A tech uses the netcat tool on a Linux system. Of the choices, which has proper syntax?

Answers

·        nc -v 80

·        nc google.com 80

·        nc google.com -z

·        nc google.com

Explanation: This initiates a TCP connection to the domain name "example.com" on port 80. Change "example.com" and "80" to reflect the address of your particular host and port.

14. Most public Domain Name Servers (DNS) are available globally through which technology?

Answers

·        Anycast

·        Echo request

·        Time To Live (TTL) field

·        Host file

Explanation: Through the technology that the Internet provides, the vast majority of public Domain Name Servers (DNS) are accessible all over the world. The Domain Name System (DNS) is an integral component of the infrastructure that underpins the internet, and public DNS servers are accessible all over the world thanks to the linked nature of the Internet. These servers may be accessed by users from any part of the globe, and they can be queried to resolve domain names to IP addresses and vice versa.

15. With virtualization, a single physical machine, called a host, can run many individual virtual instances, called ______.

Answers

·        Clients

·        Servers

·        Clouds

·        Guests

Explanation: With the help of virtualization, a single physical system, which is referred to as a host, can operate a great number of separate virtual instances, which are referred to as "virtual machines" or VMs. Each virtual machine functions the same way as if it were a standalone physical computer, complete with its own set of apps and operating systems, although sharing the same underlying hardware. This makes it possible to employ resources more effectively and provides additional flexibility in the management and deployment of computer systems.

16. An Internet Protocol (IP) v6 address is how many bits in size?

Answers

·        64

·        32

·        128

·        256

Explanation: There are 128 individual bits that make up an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address. When compared to the 32-bit size of IPv4 addresses, this is a substantial increase. IPv6's bigger address space makes it possible to have a much greater number of distinct addresses. This helps overcome the constraints imposed by IPv4 while also providing support for the increasing number of devices connected to the internet.

17. What is one of the most commonly used name resolution tools?

Answers

·        Nslookup

·        DNS

·        Netcat

Explanation: "nslookup" is one of the name resolution tools that is used by users the majority of the time. Nslookup is a command-line utility that may be found in the majority of operating systems, including macOS, Linux, and Windows. It is used to query the DNS (Domain Name System) in order to retrieve information about a domain name or an IP address. Users are given the ability to run a wide variety of DNS-related queries using Nslookup, as well as troubleshoot DNS-related difficulties and resolve domain names to IP addresses.

18. Internet Protocol (IP) v6 addresses are written out in which format?

Answers

·        8 groups of 16 bits

·        8 groups of 12 bits

·        6 groups of 32 bits

·        4 groups of 16 bits

 

19. What size is an Internet Protocol (IP) v6 payload length field?

Answers

·        16-bit

·        8-bit

·        32-bit

·        20-bit

Explanation: The amount of data included in the payload length field of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is represented by 16 bits. The payload length field provides information on the size of the data portion of an IPv6 packet. This portion of the packet contains any extension headers and the data (for example, the transport layer segment or the ICMPv6 message). Octets, often known as 8-bit bytes, measure the payload length.

20. What is one type of built-in protocol mechanism?

Answers

·        Error detection

·        Time to Live (TTL) expiration

·        IPv6

·        Misconfiguration error

Explanation: The term "Checksum" refers to one kind of built-in protocol mechanism. A checksum is a value generated to confirm that data has not been altered while it is being sent. To identify faults in the data that is being delivered, it is often employed in network protocols. The system that is transmitting the data computes a checksum based on the data that is being transmitted, and the system that is receiving the data may use the checksum to check for mistakes in the data that it has received. If the checksum that was computed doesn't match the checksum that was received, this indicates a possibility of a mistake, and the data may need to be resent. Checksums are a crucial component of many communication protocols for ensuring that data is kept in its original state.

21. Traceroute uses UDP packets by default on which of the following operating systems? (Choose all that apply)

Answers

·        Linux

·        Mac OS

·        Windows 10

·        Windows 7

Explanation: Traceroute, which runs on Unix-based operating systems like Linux and macOS, will automatically send packets using UDP by default. In these types of computer networks, the traceroute command works by sending UDP packets to the destination with rising Time-to-Live (TTL) values. It then analyzes the ICMP Time Exceeded answers that are received from intermediate routers to determine the path that leads to the destination. The tracers command on Windows operates with ICMP Echo Request messages as its default setting.

22. When troubleshooting Domain Name System (DNS) problems, which helpful feature do public servers usually support?

Answers

·        Port connectivity

·        Paths between nodes

·        ICMP echo requests

·        Virtualization services

Explanation: Recursive DNS resolution is often supported by public DNS servers. This capability is important for debugging issues related to the Domain Name System (DNS). In recursive DNS resolution, the DNS server will contact additional DNS servers on behalf of the client to completely resolve a domain name to its matching IP address. Generally speaking, recursive DNS resolution is the preferred method. Public DNS servers, such as those offered by Google (8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4) or OpenDNS, often provide recursive resolution. Using them may help debug DNS problems and provide dependable name resolution services.

Shuffle Q/A 2

23. When shortening an Internet Protocol (IP) v6 address, which two rules are used? Select two that apply.

Answers

·        Removing all leading zeros.

·        Replace groups of ones with semicolons.

·        Removing all leading ones.

·        Replace groups of zeros with colons.

 

24. Which Internet Protocol (IP) v6 header field is used to determine the quality of service level for a datagram?

Answers

·        Flow label

·        Payload length

·        Next header

·        Version

Explanation: The "Traffic Class" field is the component of an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) header that is responsible for determining the quality of service level associated with a datagram. The "Flow Label" field and the "Traffic Class" field are both components of the IPv6 header's methods for controlling traffic flow and managing traffic, respectively. It is possible to prioritize and discriminate between several classes or levels of service for IPv6 datagrams via the Traffic Class field.

25. A support technician uses the ping utility on a system that is online, yet no response is received. What should be allowed through a firewall for ping to operate correctly?

Answers

·        ICMP

·        Echo request

·        Echo reply

·        TTL

Explanation: It is necessary to set up a firewall to let ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Echo Request and Echo Reply messages for the ping program to function effectively when it is used behind a firewall. Ping uses ICMP Echo Request messages to determine whether or not a host is reachable, and it uses ICMP Echo Reply messages to determine whether or not the host has responded.

Check to verify that the firewall allows ICMP Echo Request messages to come in and ICMP Echo Reply messages to go out. This may need establishing special rules or permitting ICMP traffic in general, but this will depend on the firewall. Keep in mind that enabling ICMP traffic might be a security issue. Because of this, it is essential to install the required limits by the security regulations that apply to your network.

26. While in an interactive nslookup session, you'd use the ______ keyword to change the DNS server you're using.

Answers

·        Client

·        FQDN

·        DNS

·        Server

Explanation: The DNS server would then be set to Google's public DNS server (8.8.8.8) if you did this. Following the successful modification of the server, any further queries made inside that particular nslookup session will be sent to the newly defined DNS server.

27. The ability for a protocol or program to determine that something went wrong is known as ________.

Answers

·        error detection

·        data resilience

·        redundancy

·        data verification

Explanation: The capability of a protocol or software to identify that something went wrong is referred to as "error detection." Error detection systems are intended to discover faults or inconsistencies in the transmission or processing of data. This enables the system to notice and react to problems affecting the data's integrity or accuracy. Error detection methods include checksums, parity bits, and cyclic redundancy checks (CRC), to name a few. These methods may be found in a variety of different protocols and systems.

28. When using the netcat command to test a network port, which option will provide output that is not useful for scripting but is useful for the human eye?

Answers

·        -z

·        -v

·        -Port

·        No option is required

Explanation: When testing a network port with the netcat command, the -v (verbose) option may generate output helpful for the human eye but not for scripting. This output is good for the human eye but not for scripting. This option raises the verbosity of the output, which provides more data about the connection process. As a result, it is much simpler for a person to comprehend what is going on during the interaction with the network port.

29. A company runs sensitive technologies locally while entrusting less-sensitive technologies to a broader user base. Which cloud delivery model is being used?

Answers

·        Private

·        Community

·        Hybrid

·        Public

Explanation: A hybrid cloud delivery strategy is appropriate for the situation that has been described, in which a corporation operates technologies that are more sensitive on-premises while entrusting technologies that are less sensitive to a larger user base. An enterprise uses a hybrid cloud when it combines on-premises technology (also known as a private cloud) with services provided by a public cloud. Because of this, they can store sensitive data and essential apps in a private cloud, where they have more control and security, while still using the scalability and cost-effectiveness of public cloud services for less sensitive forms of technology.

30. What is one of the most commonly used name resolution tools?

Answers

·        Tracert

·        DNS

·        Nslookup

·        Netcat

Explanation: "nslookup" is one of the name resolution tools that is used by users the majority of the time. Nslookup is a command-line utility that may be found in the majority of operating systems, including macOS, Linux, and Windows. It is used to make queries to servers that are part of the Domain Name System (DNS) in order to receive information about domain names, IP addresses, and other data associated with DNS. Nslookup is often used in the process of diagnosing problems related to network connection and validating DNS setups.