1. As a project manager overseeing a product launch, you monitor and inspect the results to ensure the project is meeting the quality standards. You notice one standard is not being met and take corrective action to improve the standard. Which quality management concept does the inspection and corrective action represent?
Answers
·
Quality standards
·
Quality control
·
Quality assurance
·
Quality planning
Explanation: It seems like a straightforward example of quality control
at work here. Inspection helps determine if a product or process satisfies the
requirements that have been defined, and when inspection reveals that the
standards have not been reached, remedial action is required to get everything
back on track. It is of the utmost importance to make certain that the quality
criteria are met throughout the whole of the project.
2. During which step of
the quality management process does a project manager ask questions such as:
“How will I determine if the quality measures will lead to project success?”
and “What outcome do my customers want at the end of this project?”
Answers
·
Quality planning
·
Quality assurance
·
Quality control
·
Quality action
Explanation: During the part of the process devoted to quality
management that is focused on planning, these introspective inquiries often
arise. It is essential to provide the groundwork for quality by defining what
it means to be successful, gaining a knowledge of the expectations of the
client, and determining how to measure, monitor, and maintain quality at every
stage of the project. Therefore, in a nutshell, the stage of planning is where
you establish the foundation for a fruitful quality management process to follow.
3. To receive authentic
and honest feedback from customers, what strategy should a project manager use?
Answers
·
Ask open-ended questions
and listen to the customer’s current state versus their desired state
·
Incentivize customers with a gift card
because they’re more likely to respond
·
Ask for feedback after the project
finishes because customers won’t fully understand the product until it’s
complete
·
Ask for stakeholder feedback and relay
it to customers in hopes to close the gap between the customer’s expectation
and the project’s needs
Explanation: The most important things are honesty and transparency in
this situation. Encourage direct engagement with the company's consumers and
provide avenues through which they may easily and freely provide feedback. It's
possible to get useful feedback via secret questionnaires, suggestion boxes, or
even open forums. The objective is to provide a setting in which consumers have
the impression that their point of view is respected and that they may speak
their minds without being inhibited by fear. Additionally, make it a point to
ask focused and precise questions that are designed to elicit constructive
criticism, and ensure that you are really open to hearing both good and
negative feedback.
4. During a user
acceptance test (UAT), the project manager creates UAT scripts so the testers
better understand the product or service. The project manager writes the
scripts based on user stories, which are best described as what?
Answers
·
Communications that report on
questions, issues, or delays during the testing process
·
Step-by-step instructions that users
follow during the testing process
·
Informal, general
explanations of a feature that reflect the perspective of an end user
·
Feedback from users that includes
positive comments, bug reports, and change requests
Explanation: User stories are brief and straightforward explanations of a feature that are given from the point of view of the person who wants the new capacity. This person is often a customer or user of the product. They are frequently used in agile software development as a means of encapsulating a system's features and requirements in a format that can be comprehended with relative ease. Therefore, in the context of the creation of UAT scripts, user stories serve as the foundation for detailing the anticipated behaviors or scenarios that testers should analyze over the course of the user acceptance test.
5. Before running a
process improvement experiment, a project manager needs to first identify
processes to change and leave unchanged. What’s the experiment-related term for
the unchanged process?
Answers
·
Research group
·
Comparable group
·
Control group
·
Variable group
Explanation: In the context of an experiment designed to enhance an
existing process, the process that remains intact is sometimes referred to as
the "control" or "control group." The group that does not
undergo any changes or is given the normative treatment is referred to as the
control group in experimental designs. This enables the project manager to
evaluate the effect of the proposed modifications by comparing the outcomes of
the control process, which has not been altered, with those of the experimental
process, which has been altered.
6. As a project manager,
you identify a process-based problem you’d like to improve. To better
understand the problem, you examine the technology to understand its root cause
and interview the team on how it’s impacting their performance. Which DMAIC step
did you apply?
Answers
·
Define
·
Measure
·
Control
·
Analyze
Explanation: You have successfully implemented the "Define"
stage of the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) process. At
this point in the process, you will identify and describe the issue or
potential for improvement, in addition to setting project objectives and
determining the scope of the project. Activities that are often carried out in
the Define phase to acquire a full knowledge of the issue include examining the
technology and conducting interviews with the team. The goals of these
activities are to identify the underlying cause and the effect on performance.
7. As a project manager,
you learn a customer is not satisfied with the quality of a finished product.
You have already identified the root cause and brainstormed solutions to the
problem with the team. Now, you and the team attempt to fix the problem by
implementing a solution. Which PDCA step did you apply?
Answers
·
Plan
·
Do
·
Check
·
Act
Explanation: You are now in the "Act" phase of the PDCA (Plan,
Do, Check, Act) cycle. This means that you are putting what you've planned into
action. Implementing the selected solution is part of the "Act"
process, which comes after determining the underlying problem, coming up with
potential solutions, and planning. In this stage, you put your strategy into
action in order to solve the issues that have been discovered and to make the
situation better.
8. A project team
discovers an efficient process to more quickly develop a product. The program
manager implements the idea in several other projects. When the portfolio
manager learns that the more efficient process is working across several
projects, they recommend it to several programs. This scenario exemplifies
which best practice?
Answers
·
Positive feedback
·
Word-of-mouth communication
·
Hierarchical communication
·
Continuous improvement
Explanation: This event is a perfect example of the most effective
method of "scaling." Scaling is the process of applying effective
practices, processes, or solutions from one project or team to a broader scope,
such as many projects, programs, or even the whole business. This may be
accomplished by adopting successful practices, processes, or solutions from a
single project or team. In this instance, the more effective method that was
found and put into action in the context of a single project is now being
scaled up to the benefit of a number of other projects and programs. It is a
method for optimizing procedures on a larger scale and reproducing results on a
smaller one.
9. Fill in the blank:
The way a project manager decides to structure a retrospective depends on
_____.
Answers
·
team and workplace
·
the latest project management trends
·
project sponsor preference
·
the previous project manager’s agenda
Explanation: The particular requirements and dynamics of the team or project should inform the decision that a project manager makes about the framework of a retrospective. Each retrospective is unique, and factors such as the size of the team, the level of difficulty of the project, and the nature of the work may all have an impact on how the retrospective is structured and what kinds of activities are included. It is very important to customize the retrospective so that it provides the most value to the team and paves the way for meaningful reflection and progress.
10. As a project
manager, you hold a retrospective. During the meeting, you give the team an
opportunity to discuss risks that materialized: Were there any gaps between the
original plan and its execution? Which retrospective step does this represent?
Answers
·
Lessons learned
·
Future considerations
·
Action items
·
Next steps
Explanation: The "Inspect" portion of a retrospective includes
this conversation about the discrepancies that occurred between the initial
plan and its implementation, with a special emphasis on the dangers that were
actually encountered. throughout the phase known as "Inspect," the
team discusses what transpired throughout the project, analyzes the results,
and finds places where there is room for advancement. It is an essential stage
for gaining insight into how to improve future project execution by gaining
knowledge from both successes and obstacles.
Shuffle Q/A 1
11. As a project
manager, you’re overseeing a product launch for coffee mugs. You have agreed
with the manufacturer that before any agreement to purchase is made, the mugs
need to be tested for durability. Which quality management concept does this
task represent?
Answers
·
Assurance standard
·
Quality assurance
·
Quality planning
·
Quality control
Explanation: This activity exemplifies the quality management principle known as "quality assurance." In quality assurance, one must make certain that the procedures that are used in the production and distribution of a good or service are planned and carried out in such a way as to conform to the specifications that have been outlined. In this scenario, conducting durability tests on the coffee cups before committing to a purchase agreement is a preventative measure that may be taken to guarantee the product's high standard. It is about guarding against flaws or problems before they may have an effect on the finished output.
12. Which quality
management concept must be well-defined at the beginning of the project to help
avoid rework and schedule delays?
Answers
·
Quality assurance
·
Quality control
·
Quality standards
·
Quality action
Explanation: This undertaking is a good example of the quality
management concept known as "quality assurance." In quality
assurance, one must ensure that the processes that are used in the
manufacturing and distribution of a product or service are planned and carried
out in such a manner as to adhere to the criteria that have been specified.
This must be done to ensure that the product or service meets the requirements
that have been set out. In the given situation, one preventive precaution that
could be performed to ensure the high level of the product would be to conduct
durability tests on the coffee cups before signing to a purchase deal. It is
about protecting against errors or issues before they have a chance to have an
influence on the product that is ultimately produced.
13. As a project
manager, part of your job is to keep the project moving forward when any kind
of issue arises within the team or from other stakeholders. Which of the
following are situations where the customershould be informed about such
issues? Select all that apply.
Answers
·
When the issue causes a
problem and you need the customer’s input to resolve
·
When the issue will cause
a delay in delivery
·
When your team is testing a new
workflow
· When your team is troubleshooting an issue that won’t affect delivery
14. As a project
manager, you’re doing a user acceptance test (UAT) to test your product. You
present your users with the visual mockup of the product and walk them through
each step they need to take to use the product. What UAT quality control step
does this scenario represent?
Answers
·
Acceptance criteria
·
Critical user journey
·
User story
·
Edge case journey
Explanation: The situation that you described corresponds to the "Execution" part of the quality control process that is known as User Acceptance Testing (UAT). Users will now actively interact with the visual prototype of the product throughout this stage, and you will lead them through the processes to confirm that the product satisfies their needs and expectations. In this step, we get our hands dirty and do the real testing and validation on the product.
15. A project manager
engages in continuous improvement to enhance team performance. What is the
purpose of the project manager’s continuous improvement?
Answers
·
To improve the product at the last
stage of the quality management process
·
To ensure that a product
makes its way towards the best outcome
·
To enable process improvement
·
To enable team improvement
Explanation: The efforts that are put into continuous improvement by a project manager are intended to boost the performance of the team, increase efficiency in the processes, and eventually provide better results in subsequent projects. Continuous improvement entails doing frequent evaluations of the viability of existing procedures, finding places where they may be improved, and putting new strategies into action in order to boost productivity, quality, and the overall success of a project. It is a proactive approach to learning from experiences and making continuing modifications to promote continuous development and excellence in project management. This technique involves learning from experiences and making ongoing adjustments.
16. As a project
manager, you’ve heard back from a customer who is not happy with product your
company delivered. You decide to apply the PDCA process to fix the problem.
What should you do in the first step of this process?
Answers
·
Identify the root cause
and brainstorm solutions
·
Fix the problem
·
Compare results to the goal to find
out if the problem is fixed
·
Fine-tune the fix
17. A team successfully
delivers a product feature to a client, but misses the deadline. What should
the project manager do to investigate why the product feature was late?
Answers
·
Hold a retrospective
·
Add a team member
·
Increase the budget
·
Meet with stakeholders
18. As a project manager
holding a retrospective, you discuss the successes and setbacks of the project
and compile a document with team member’s feedback. As the project manager, how
should you use this feedback?
Answers
·
Create a plan that should
be implemented for future projects
·
Pick out the best feedback and assign
awards to team members accordingly
·
Pass it along to the team
·
Ask the program manager how to use the
feedback
19. As a project
manager, you’re overseeing the launch of a new product: a portable,
solar-powered stove. Before beginning the project, you set a criteria for the
desired outcome: It must maintain a specific cooking temperature for a set
period of time. Which quality management concept does this criteria represent?
Answers
·
Quality planning
·
Quality control
·
Quality standards
·
Assurance planning
20. Which quality
management concept involves monitoring project results to determine if these
results are the ones desired or not?
Answers
·
Quality standards
·
Quality planning
·
Quality control
·
Quality assurance
Explanation: "Quality Control" is a phrase that refers to a concept in quality management that entails monitoring the outputs of a project to assess whether or not they correspond with the objectives that were expected. The process of ensuring that the outputs of a project match the quality criteria that were set is what is meant by "quality control" when discussing the context of project management. It comprises monitoring and checking the outcomes of the project to assess whether or not they fit the established criteria and are in accordance with the demands of the project. If inconsistencies are found, remedial steps may be made to get the project back on track and guarantee that the final results will be of the quality that was intended.
21. A project manager
sets clear expectations with customers about when they’ll communicate certain
project updates and changes. To gain the customers’ confidence, the project
manager also provides situational examples of when they may communicate. Which
soft skill does this project manager use with their customers?
Answers
·
Negotiation
·
Trust-building
·
Quality planning
·
Empathic listening
Explanation: The project manager is displaying strong communication
skills in this circumstance, especially in regard to the element of managing
expectations. The "Communication and Transparency" soft skill comes
into play in this situation.
Establishing transparent communication is one of the primary responsibilities of the project manager. This is accomplished by offering situational examples, as well as creating clear expectations for when project updates and changes will be shared. Customers are able to more easily develop trust and confidence in a business when they have a clear idea of what to anticipate and when to anticipate it. For the purpose of developing healthy connections with stakeholders, it is essential to engage in effective communication, particularly when such communication is paired with transparency.
22. A project manager
considers process improvements. They realize that the packaging the product
ships in is causes a high percentage of the products to break. They believe
that by using stronger packaging, less products will break. What is another
term for this belief?
Answers
·
Hypothesis
·
Control
·
Research
·
Variable
Explanation: It is common practice to use the terms "hypothesis" and "assumption" to refer to the proposition that the notion that utilizing more robust packaging would result in fewer items breaking is correct. In the context of making improvements to processes and finding solutions to problems, it is also often referred to as a "working theory" or a "proposed solution." In its most basic form, it is a statement that infers the existence of a cause-and-effect link between the use of more robust packaging and the decreased rate of product breakage.
Shuffle Q/A 2
23. As a project
manager, you have found a reasonable solution to the problem you identified.
You are now ready to implement the solution. Which DMAIC step are you currently
applying?
Answers
·
Define
·
Measure
·
Control
·
Improve
Explanation: Six Sigma and other types of process improvement initiatives often use an approach known as DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control). at the example that has been provided, you are now at the "Improve" phase of the DMAIC model since you have identified a workable solution and are prepared to put it into action. During this phase, the emphasis is on putting into action and testing the chosen solution in order to solve the issue or improvement opportunity that was identified. It entails making adjustments to the procedure on the basis of the analysis that was carried out in the phases that came before it, and then monitoring the outcomes to verify that the intended improvements are realized.
24. As a project manager
applying the PDCA process, you’ve already attempted to fix a process that you
believe is causing a common customer complaint. As your next step, you compare
your results to the goal to determine if you fixed the issue. What PDCA step
will you apply?
Answers
·
Plan
·
Do
·
Check
·
Act
Explanation: Part of the "Check" phase of the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle is the step in which you evaluate whether or not the problem has been resolved by making a comparison between the outcomes and the objective. During this phase, you review and evaluate the results of the solution that has been implemented to determine whether or not it corresponds with the goals and objectives that were sought. If the findings are in line with what was anticipated, you may go on to the "Act" step, which involves standardizing the solution and putting it into practice on a larger scale. If the outcomes are not what you anticipated, you may need to restart the process from the "Plan" step in order to make necessary adjustments to your methodology before carrying on with the iterative cycle.
25. Which parts of a
company ecosystem rely on continuous improvement to have collective and
separate successes? Select all that apply.
Answers
·
Projects
·
Performances
·
Programs
·
Portfolios
26. Which of the
following is a retrospective best practice?
Answers
·
Assign blame so teammates know who did
what wrong
·
Focus on more negative aspects than
positive so the team can improve more quickly
·
Use “you” language to communicate
clearly and reduce confusion across the team
·
Change perspectives so
that the team can better understand another person’s point of view
27. Which one of the
following describes the way a project manager must conduct a retrospective?
Answers
·
The negative feedback should come
before the positive feedback
·
The feedback should be shared before
meeting about it
·
Everyone on the team should talk about
their successes
·
There is no way which must
be followed, it entirely depends on your team and workplace
28. As a project
manager, you’re overseeing a product launch. You meet with customers and
clients to determine the product standards and the usability standards. Which
quality management concept do you apply in this scenario?
Answers
·
Quality control
·
Quality assurance
·
Quality standards
·
Assurance standards
Explanation: Within the context of this scenario, the "Quality Planning" quality management concept is being put into practice. The quality standards and requirements for the deliverables of the project are something that must be defined and planned for during the quality planning phase. The project manager is actively involved in the process of planning and defining the criteria for quality in the product launch when they meet with customers and clients to decide both product standards and usability standards. This is done in order to develop product standards and usability standards. This stage is very necessary in order to guarantee that the end result will either live up to or surpass the expectations of the various stakeholders.
29. Which step of the
quality management process should a project manager ensure quality standards
after a problem is identified?
Answers
·
Quality assurance
·
Quality action
·
Quality control
·
Quality planning
Explanation: The "Quality Control" stage of the quality management process is the step of the process when an issue is detected and a project manager should confirm that quality standards are being fulfilled once the problem has been identified. In the process of quality management, the Quality Control step includes monitoring and validating that the deliverables of the project fulfill the quality requirements that have been defined. When a problem is found, the project manager is responsible for putting corrective steps into motion and carefully monitoring the process to ensure that the problems are resolved and that quality standards are maintained going forward. This stage contributes to the process of regulating and enhancing the overall quality of the project's results.
30. As a project
manager, you use the DMAIC framework and are currently applying the Analyze
step. What is involved in this step?
Answers
·
Implement a reasonable solution to an
identified problem
·
Identify the root cause of
a problem and better understand the impact
·
Define the business problem, goals and
resources
·
Monitor any updated processes
established
Explanation: The purpose of the stage known as "Analyze" in the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) architecture is to get a knowledge of the underlying causes of the problems or opportunities that have been identified for improvement.
31. As a project
manager, you fine-tune a fix you previously applied to the product to ensure
continuous improvement. Which PDCA step are you applying?
Answers
·
Plan
·
Act
·
Check
·
Do
Explanation: The
"Act" stage of the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle is used when a
repair that was previously made to the product to guarantee continuous
improvement is fine-tuned. This is an example of how the "Act" step
may be used. The PDCA cycle is a process for continuous development. The
"Act" part of the cycle entails taking action based on the outcomes
and lessons gained from the "Check" step.
32. What are reasons to
hold a retrospective? Select all that apply.
Answers
·
End of a sprint
·
Missed deadline
·
User story completed ahead of time
· Miscommunication between stakeholders
33. As a project
manager, part of your job is to understand the customers’ frustrations, address
them and find a solution that benefits both of you. Which interpersonal skill
do you use to achieve this?
Answers
·
Trust-building
·
Negotiation
·
Quality planning
·
Empathic listening
34. As a project manager, you hold a retrospective. During the meeting,
you have a discussion about risks that could become issues if not addressed
this quarter. You also inform the team that you’re passing ownership of the
project to someone else. In the retrospective notes, you include the contact
information of the new project manager and links to any relevant documentation.
Which retrospective step does this represent?
Answers
·
Risks that materialized
·
Action items
·
Lessons learned
·
Future considerations
Explanation: In the "Closing" stage of a retrospective, the
activities that have been mentioned, such as having a discussion about risks
that may become problems if they were not addressed and telling the team about
a change in the project manager along with necessary contact information and
documents, are included.
The last part of the retrospective is called "Closing," and it consists of the team resolving any unresolved problems, reviewing any future risks, and making sure there is a seamless handoff of duties. A proactive approach to transferring ownership of the project and keeping continuity in its progression may be seen in the act of providing the contact information and essential paperwork for the next project manager.
Shuffle Q/A 3
35. During a user
acceptance test (UAT), a user provides feedback with a suggested minor change
to the product. Which type of feedback was provided by the user?
Answers
·
Bugs
·
Change requests
·
Positive feedback
·
Issues
Explanation: During the user acceptance test
(UAT), if a user provides feedback recommending a very modest adjustment to the
product, this kind of input is referred to as "Corrective Feedback."
The process of identifying and recommending adjustments to repair or enhance
certain parts of the product in order to ensure that it corresponds more
closely with the user's expectations or needs is characteristic of the kind of
feedback known as corrective feedback. In this instance, the user is drawing
attention to a very small flaw in the product that, if fixed, might result in
an improvement that better satisfies their requirements or expectations.
36. A project manager is
considering process improvements. They identify that their team is too slow
when delivering a service. They have an educated guess about what’s causing the
problem and how to fix it. What’s the term for this educated guess?
Answers
·
Variable
·
Control
·
Hypothesis
· Research
37. As a project
manager, you learn a customer is not satisfied with the quality of the finished
product. To fix the problem, you first identify what you believe is the root
cause and brainstorm solutions with your team. What PDCA step did you apply?
Answers
·
Plan
·
Do
·
Check
·
Act
Explanation: A hypothesis is a word that's often used to refer to an informed assumption regarding what's causing an issue and how to remedy it. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a problem or inefficiency, together with a recommended remedy, that is formulated within the framework of making changes to a process. It acts as a jumping off point for additional inquiry and testing to evaluate if the suggested solution is successful in resolving the problem that has been discovered.
38. A project manager
works on a collection of projects. What is the term for this collection of
projects?
Answers
·
Portfolio
·
Program
·
Project
·
Collection
Explanation: A "Program" is often what people mean when they talk about a set of projects that are being overseen by a project manager. One definition of a program is "a collection of related projects that are managed and coordinated together to achieve strategic objectives or benefits that may not be realized if the projects are managed individually." The management of programs entails supervising the coordination and integration of many projects in order to guarantee that the culmination of these projects will collectively contribute to the organization's overall aims.
39. As a project
manager, you’re overseeing a product launch. You have laid out a quality plan
which you ensure is being followed by performing regular audits and check-ins
with stakeholders. The audits and check-ins confirm your clients are receiving
the exact high-quality product they expect. Which quality management concept
does this represent?
Answers
·
Assurance planning
·
Quality control
·
Assurance standards
·
Quality assurance
Explanation: The term "Quality Assurance" refers to the aspect
of quality management that is shown in this scenario. The practice of
systematically verifying that a project or product satisfies certain quality
standards is what is meant by the term "quality assurance."
Throughout the whole of the project lifetime, it implements procedures and
standards with the goal of avoiding errors and problems from occurring.
Having a quality plan, conducting frequent audits, and checking in with stakeholders are all activities that correspond with the concepts of quality assurance when applied to the context of a new product launch that is being managed by a project manager. This helps verify that the project is adhering to the defined methods and standards, which ultimately guarantees that the customers will get the high-quality product that they anticipate receiving.
40. As part of user
acceptance testing (UAT), you define requirements that must be met each time a
test is carried out. Which best practice are you following?
Answers
·
Providing a step by step plan
·
Writing UAT scripts
·
Acceptance criteria
·
Test case
Explanation: You may standardize the test cases by establishing the criteria that must be completed each time a test is carried out during user acceptance testing (UAT). In order to ensure that the testing process is trustworthy and well-structured, standardization requires the creation of test methods that are both uniform and repeatable. This approach increases the efficiency of UAT by giving explicit criteria for assessing whether or not the system satisfies the requirements that have been established and the expectations that have been set by the user.
41. Before running a
process improvement experiment, a project manager needs to first identify which
processes to change and which to leave unchanged. What is the
experiment-related term for the changed process?
Answers
·
Variable group
·
Control group
·
Research group
·
Comparable group
Explanation: In the context of process improvement, the phrase
"Experimental Group" or "Treatment Group" is often used to
refer to the modified process. This word comes from the experiment that is
being conducted.
When doing research using an experimental design, the group that is put through the intervention or change being evaluated is called the experimental group. In the context of the scenario of process improvement, it refers to the group of processes that are going to be subjected to certain adjustments or modifications in order to evaluate the effect of such alterations on the results that are sought.
42. As a project
manager, you’re overseeing a product launch. You meet with customers to
determine the product’s quality standards. Then, you create processes and
documentation necessary to achieve the expected quality. Which quality
management concept do these tasks represent?
Answers
·
Assurance planning
·
Assurance standards
·
Quality planning
·
Quality control
Explanation: The quality management concept known as "Quality
Planning" is aligned with the duties that you stated, which include
meeting with customers in order to define quality standards and building
procedures and documentation in order to attain the anticipated quality.
The quality standards and requirements for the deliverables of the project are something that must be defined and planned for during the quality planning phase. It involves gaining a knowledge of the expectations that customers have, putting in place procedures to fulfill those expectations, and writing documentation to direct the team toward reaching the level of quality that is expected. This preventative strategy used at the outset of the project helps to guarantee that quality is included into the product from the very beginning.
43. As part of fostering
a relationship with a customer, it is important to understand their current
state versus their desired state. Which of the following is an effective way to
achieve this understanding?
Answers
·
Ask about their day
·
Ask for a list of frustrations they
have
·
Provide a checklist with yes and no
answers
·
Ask open-ended questions
Explanation: Conducting a "Needs Assessment" or a "Gap
Analysis" on a client is one of the most effective ways to understand the
customer's present condition in comparison to their intended state.
Gathering information about the existing state of the
client, identifying their issues, needs, and pain points are all part of the
process of conducting a Needs Assessment. In addition to this, it entails
gaining a grasp of their objectives, anticipations, and plans for the future,
all of which constitute their ideal condition. Following this, the gap analysis
makes a comparison between the existing state and the planned state,
illuminating the areas in which there may be differences or chances for development.
A project manager may acquire significant insights into the customer's viewpoint by doing a comprehensive requirements assessment and gap analysis. This enables the project manager to customize solutions that meet particular needs and correspond with the customer's objectives and expectations.
44. During a user
acceptance test (UAT), the users identify outliers that the original
requirements didn’t account for, such as an extreme use of the product. What
UAT quality control step does this represent?
Answers
·
Edge cases
·
Unknown cases
·
Business cases
·
User error cases
Explanation: The process of finding extreme applications of a product
during a user acceptance test (UAT), which the original specifications did not
account for, is a phase in the quality control process known as
"Exploratory Testing."
The testers, who are the users in this situation, will do
exploratory testing on the product in order to look for flaws or problems that
may not have been expressly defined in the test cases or requirements. Users
are able to discover situations or outliers that were not expected during the
original planning phases thanks to the increased flexibility and adaptability
of the testing process made possible by this technology.
Exploratory testing is a kind of user acceptance testing
(UAT) that helps verify the product is resilient and able to manage a range of
user activities, including some that may not have been clearly described in the
original requirements. It helps to make the overall evaluation of the product's
quality that much more thorough.
45. A project manager
engages in continuous improvement that enhances team performance. What is this
kind of continuous improvement called?
Answers
·
Team improvement
·
Quality improvement
·
Behavioral improvement
·
Process improvement
Explanation: Kaizen is a term that is often used to refer to continuous improvement that improves the performance of a team. The word kaizen comes from the Japanese language and means "change for the better" or "continuous improvement." When it comes to the management of projects and the performance of teams, the concept of Kaizen entails making subtle, step-by-step adjustments to workflows, practices, and procedures with the intention of attaining continuous improvement over the course of time. It places an emphasis on fostering a culture of lifelong learning, adaptability, and productivity within the team.
46. Who can take a
beneficial process improvement from one project and implement it across several
projects?
Answers
·
Stakeholder manager
·
Project manager
·
Program manager
·
Portfolio manager
Explanation: It is possible for a project manager or the leader of a team to take an advantageous process improvement from one project and deploy it across many projects, often in coordination with relevant stakeholders. This person or group would normally be responsible for managing and organizing the implementation of best practices, lessons learned, or improvements found in one project so that they may be implemented more extensively across a number of other initiatives. By capitalizing on the successful process changes made during earlier initiatives, the overarching mission of the organization is to foster uniformity, efficiency, and good results across the board.
47. Which quality
management concept takes place throughout the entire project lifecycle and
focuses mainly on audits and testing during the development process?
Answers
·
Quality planning
·
Quality standards
·
Quality assurance
·
Quality control
Explanation: "Quality
Assurance" refers to the quality management concept that takes place
across the whole of the project lifecycle and places primary emphasis on audits
and testing carried out throughout the development phase. The term
"quality assurance" refers to the procedures and actions that are
carried out in a methodical manner to verify that the deliverables of a project
fulfill the quality standards that have been established.
48. As a project
manager, you identified a process-based problem you’d like to improve. Before
implementing a solution, you conduct performance metrics and data collection.
This establishes baseline data that will determine success. What DMAIC step did
you apply?
Answers
·
Define
·
Control
·
Measure
Explanation: You used the "Measure"
stage of the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) approach in
the situation that you presented, in which you recognized a problem that was
caused by a process and carried out performance measurements and data
collecting in order to produce baseline data. In addition, you identified the
issue.
Quantifying and measuring the present status of the process in order to build a baseline is the activity that is included in the Measure stage. The success of any enhancements that are applied throughout the subsequent phases of the DMAIC cycle may be compared to the effectiveness of this baseline data, which serve as a reference point. It contributes to making sure that the effect of changes can be objectively examined, and that success can be quantified in comparison to the baseline that was established at the beginning.
49. As a project
manager, you have already identified a process-based problem to improve, found
its root cause, and implemented a solution. Now, you take the next step: You
monitor the new process to ensure the changes are beneficial to the team. Which
DMAIC step are you currently applying?
Answers
·
Control
·
Analyze
·
Define
·
Improve
Explanation: You are currently applying the "Control" step of
the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) methodology, which
means that you have identified a process-based problem, discovered its root
cause, implemented a solution, and are now monitoring the new process to ensure
that the changes are beneficial. This means that you have completed all of the
previous steps in the DMAIC methodology.
In the Control phase of the process, the primary emphasis is on the implementation of measures that will maintain the gains that were made in the Improve phase. Monitoring and regulating the newly established process in order to verify that it continues to accomplish the intended goals and does not return to problems that were present in the past is a part of this step. This stage is very necessary in order to ensure the continued effectiveness and viability of the process changes in the long run.
50. You have been
assigned to a project as the project manager. From the following options, which
best describes your primary task as the project manager?
Answers
·
Ensuring that all your projects are
completed at the same time
·
To supervise your group of projects
·
Provide centralized management to the
group of projects and programs
·
Continuously improving the
assigned project
Explanation: As the project manager, the major responsibility that falls on your shoulders is to "Plan, execute, and close the project while ensuring that it meets its objectives and is delivered on time and within budget." As the project manager, it is your responsibility to supervise the whole of the project lifecycle, beginning with the planning stage and continuing through project execution and completion. This entails establishing the project's objectives, developing a strategy for the project, managing the resources, monitoring the project's progress, resolving any issues that arise, and ensuring that the project is successfully finished within the stipulated limits of time, money, and scope.
51. What’s the main
purpose of holding a retrospective?
Answers
·
Encourage improvements
that prepare the team for future projects
·
Let stakeholders give feedback so the
team can get a different perspective
·
Allow the project manager to explain
why the project did or did not succeed
·
Determine why the team missed a
milestone and update the client
Explanation: The
primary objective of doing a retrospective is to act as a catalyst for the
ongoing process of improvement within a group or on a project. The purpose of
retrospectives is to provide members of a team a systematic and devoted chance
to reflect on a previous project or iteration, exchange ideas, discuss
achievements and failures, and collectively develop strategies to improve
future performance.
52. During which step of
the quality management process does a project manager evaluate whether or not
the project is on track to deliver a high-quality product to the client?
Answers
·
Quality planning
·
Quality control
·
Quality action
·
Quality assurance
Explanation: During the "Quality Control" phase of the quality
management process, a project manager will often examine whether or not the
project is on schedule to provide a high-quality product to the customer. This
evaluation takes place as part of the step known as "Quality
Control."
During the Quality Control phase of the project, the project manager and the project team monitor and examine the deliverables of the project to determine whether or not they fulfill the quality criteria that were defined. During the period of the project in which it is being executed, this requires actions of continuous assessment and verification in order to identify and correct any deviations from the quality criteria. Finding and fixing problems in real time is the objective, with the end result being a product that lives up to or even surpasses the requirements set out by the customer.
53. As a project
manager, you use the DMAIC framework to improve customer experiences. You
identify the resources you need and write a project timeline. What DMAIC step
are you applying?
Answers
·
Measure
·
Control
·
Define
·
Analyze
Explanation: You are utilizing the "Define" stage of the DMAIC
(Define, Measure, Analyze, enhance, and Control) framework in the situation
that you outlined, in which you are identifying the resources that are required
and developing a project timetable in order to enhance client experiences.
Clearly identifying the issue or opportunity at hand,
detailing the scope of the project, and determining the project's goals and
objectives are all components of the Define stage. Defining the boundaries of
the project and laying the groundwork for the improvement work both need the
creation of a project timetable as well as the identification of the resources
that will be required to complete the work. In the context of enhancing the
experiences that customers have, this phase contributes to ensuring that a
clear knowledge of what needs to be addressed and what constitutes success is
achieved.
54. Your team has
reached the end of a two-week sprint. During the sprint, there was a delay with
two deliverables. What can you do as the project manager to investigate what
the setbacks were?
Answers
·
Increase the budget
·
Pick up some of the work
·
Ask a program manager for assistance
·
Hold a retrospective
